What Are the Minor Fast Days?

Beyond Yom Kippur and Tisha B'Av, the Jewish calendar includes several minor fast days. These fasts, observed from dawn to nightfall (not the full 25 hours of major fasts), mark significant historical events and spiritual themes.

Fast of Gedaliah (Tzom Gedaliah)

When: Third of Tishrei

(The day after Rosh Hashanah; if Shabbat, postponed to Sunday.)

Why

Commemorates the assassination of Gedaliah ben Ahikam, the Jewish governor appointed by Babylon after the First Temple's destruction. His murder ended Jewish autonomy in the Land, forcing the remaining Jews into exile.

Tenth of Tevet (Asarah B'Tevet)

When: Tenth of Tevet

Why

Marks the beginning of Nebuchadnezzar's siege of Jerusalem, which eventually led to the Temple's destruction. It's the only minor fast observed even when it falls on Friday.

Fast of Esther (Ta'anit Esther)

When: Thirteenth of Adar

(The day before Purim; adjusted if it falls on Shabbat.)

Why

Commemorates the fast Queen Esther observed before approaching King Ahasuerus, and the fast the Jewish community undertook before defending themselves.

Seventeenth of Tammuz (Shivah Asar B'Tammuz)

When: Seventeenth of Tammuz

Why

Five tragedies occurred on this date: Moses broke the first tablets; the daily offering ceased during the First Temple siege; Jerusalem's walls were breached (Second Temple); Apostomos burned a Torah scroll; an idol was placed in the Temple. This fast begins the Three Weeks of mourning leading to Tisha B'Av.

Observances of Minor Fasts

Duration

From dawn (alot hashachar) to nightfall (tzet hakochavim)—typically 13-15 hours.

No Additional Restrictions

Unlike major fasts, only eating and drinking are prohibited; bathing, leather shoes, etc., are permitted.

Special Prayers

The Torah is read at Shacharit and Mincha; Anenu is added to the Amidah; at Mincha, the priestly blessing is added.

Who Should Fast?

Healthy adults should observe these fasts. Those who are ill, pregnant, or nursing may be exempt. When in doubt, consult a rabbi about your particular situation.